Lesson 3: What immigrants have to do
to be in the US?
Lesson 4: Immigrants trying to adapt
Lesson 5: Immigrants difficulties
More than 1 million immigrants became legal permanent
residents (LPRs) of the United States in 2011. Of the new US residents, 14%
came from Mexico, 7.9% from China, and 6.4% from India. As of 2013, the Obama
administration had removed nearly 2 million immigrants, the highest number
under any president. Teach your friends about the unjust treatment of undocumented
immigrants. Sign up for Faces of Immigration. The immigration process allows
priority to foreign nationals who have a close family relationship with a US
citizen or LPR, have needed work skills, have refugee or asylee status, or are
native of countries with low immigration rates to the US. Every year, more than
half of new LPRs are current residents whose status is changed to permanent.
People usually move to new countries in search of honest work
for decent pay. Most immigrants work and pay taxes, so they actually help their
new nation's economy rather than hurt it. In some cases, new arrivals in a
country do compete for jobs with people already living there. But more often,
new immigrants take low-paying jobs that others don't want, or create their own
businesses and jobs. In the United States, two out of three new immigrants have
either permanent or temporary legal status, meaning they're absolutely allowed
to be in the country. Of the one-third of immigrants who are undocumented,
about half of them entered the U.S. through a legal way, and the other half
crossed the border secretly. Statistics show that in the U.S., immigrants are
less likely to commit crimes than native-born Americans. It can be hard to
learn a new language and adapt to a new culture, especially for older adults.
But most immigrants understand that learning the native language and customs
can help them fit in, and even get better jobs. Younger immigrants and the
children of immigrants usually find it easier to adapt. Many immigrants apply
for citizenship, but depending on the laws of their new country, this can be a
long and complicated process. Often, a person must live in a nation for many
years before becoming a citizen is even an option.
Lead was used in early model cars to help
reduce engine knocking, boost octane ratings, and help with wear and tear on
valve seats within the motor. Due to concerns over air pollution and health
risks. This type of gas was slowly phased out starting in the late 1970′s and
banned altogether in all on road vehicles in the U.S. in 1995. A General Motors
chemist in 1922 found that adding a lead compound to fuel smoothed the ride. But
also over time, other manufacturers found that by adding lead to fuel they
could significantly improve the octane rating of the gas. This allowed them to
produce much cheaper grades of fuel and still maintain the needed octane
ratings that a car’s engine required. Lead was good for cars but bad for the
living things. The compound harmed child’s mental development and could cause
nervous system and blood pressure conditions in there adulthood. The
Environmental Protection Agency started to take out the leaded gas in 1974. Overcoming
legal battles with refiners. A federal appeals court ruled in 1980 that the EPA
could set standards "to act in the face of uncertainty." Little did
they known that the GM chemist who came up with leaded gas also invented a
ozone-destroying CFCs, leaving historian J.R. McNeill to conclude that Thomas
Midgley Jr. "had more impact on the atmosphere than any other single
organism in Earth history.
Problems
with lead were known even before major oil companies began using it. In 1922,
while plans for production of leaded gasoline were just getting out. Thomas
Midgley received a letter from Charles Klaus, a German scientist stating that
lead, “it’s a creeping and malicious poison” and warned that it had killed a
fellow scientist. Ignoring the warnings production on leaded gasoline began in
1923. It didn't take long for workers to begin dyeing due to lead poisoning. At
DuPont’s manufacturing plant in Deep Water, New Jersey workers began to fall
like dominoes. One worker died in the fall of 1923. Three died in the summer of
1924 and four more in the winter of 1925.
In 1974,
after environmental hazards began to become really bad, the EPA announced a
scheduled phase out of lead content in gasoline. One way manufacturers met
these and other emission standards was to use catalytic converters. Catalytic
converters use a chemical reaction to change pollutants, like carbon monoxide
and other harmful hydrocarbons, to carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water.
Tetraethyl lead would tend to clog up these converters making them not functional.
Thus, unleaded gasoline became the fuel of choice for any car with a catalytic
converter. This hasn't completely gotten rid of leaded gasoline. You are still permitted to use it for off road vehicles, aircraft, racing cars, farm
equipment, and marine engines, in the United States.
According to the 2006 edition of Current Population Reports
published by the U.S. Department of Commerce. There is now more than 70 million
children under age 18 in the United States, which is more than 25 percent of
the U.S. population. This number is expected to rise up to 80 million by the
year 2020.This growing
problem has received more of a national attention. Karen Mathis is a President
of the American Bar Association and created the ABA Commission on Youth at Risk
to a year of effort to identify the challenges facing this population. Crime
in the year of 2002 in the US was reported that about 1.5 million youths under age 18 are arrested each
year for crimes ranging from loitering to murder. There are more than 700,000
youths belong to street gangs due to the report in 2002.This report is according to the
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
10 percent
had driven a car/vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol.
18 percent carried
a weapon.
43 percent drank
alcohol.
8 percent attempted
suicide.
53 percent of high school students engaged in sexual intercourse.
Until the 20th century there was a little difference between
how the justice system treated adults and children. The age was considered only
in terms of the right punishment. Juveniles were available for the same
punishment as adults, including the death penalty. Then, over the last century attitudes
toward children who committed crimes started to change. The criminal behavior of
juveniles was seen as a sign of a lack of parental care and control.The adoption of this allowed for
different treatment of juveniles by the judicial system. However, parents did
not resolve all legal issues regarding juveniles. In fact disparate treatment
of juveniles remained a part of life particularly within the judicial system.
This issue was addressed by the U.S. Supreme Court around the 1960’s. In fact,
mostly all states now have a "Juvenile Code" or "Children’s
Code" that provides specific rules for juveniles in the juvenile justice system.
Some of the causes and conditions of crime are obviously poverty,
drugs, gangs, and abuse. It is also clear that there are higher rates of
detention and probation within racial and ethnic groups. How do we address
these issues in attempting to prevent crime? Whose responsibility is it to
address these issues? Who pays?We are confronted by a society that is becoming more complex
and more mobile. Teen pregnancy, suicide, smoking, running away, and the use of
dangerous drugs such as methamphetamine have become common problems addressed
in the juvenile justice system. In addition, children do not settle as they
once did. Guns, knives, and other weapons are now more commonly used. The
juvenile justice system is the garbage can for many of these problems. One
statistic reported by the U.S. Surgeon General is that 1 in 10 children in the
United States suffer from a mental illness of those, 60 percent to 70 percent
are children of color whose only access to mental health treatment is through
the juvenile justice system. Witch spend approximately $12 billion a year
treating these mental health issues.Each year in the United States around 600,000 minor boys and
girls go through juvenile detention after being arrested and while waiting for
further legal action.
Most
power plants need steam to generate electricity. So, the
steam rotates a turbine that activates a generator which then produces
electricity.Many of the power plants still use fossil fuels
to boil water for steam. But,
geothermal power plants use steam produced from
reservoirs of hot water that are found a couple of miles or more below the
Earth's surface. There are three types of geothermal power plants and they are dry
steam, flash steam, and binary cycle.
Dry
steam power plants draw from underground resources of steam. The steam is piped
directly from underground wells to the power plant. Where it is directed into a
turbine/generator unit. There are only two known underground resources of steam
in the United States. Those two known are The Geysers in northern California
and Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming.
Flash steam
power plants are the most common. They use geothermal lakes of water with
temperatures greater than 360°F. This very hot water that flows up through
wells in the ground under its own pressure. As it flows upward, the pressure
goes down and some of the hot water boils into steam. The steam is then
separated from the water and used to power a turbine/generator. Any leftover
water and condensed steam are injected back into the big lake.
Small geothermal power plants that are under 5 megawatts have
the ability for widespread application in country areas even as energy
resources. Energy resources refer too many of small modular power-generating
technologies that can be put together to improve the operation of the
electricity delivery system. In the United States most of the geothermal are
located in the western states, Alaska, and Hawaii.
On the month of April 1986 a disaster
at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine a flawed Soviet reactor design
coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators. It was a direct consequence of Cold War
isolation and the resulting lack of any safety culture.The accident destroyed the Chernobyl
4 reactor. It killed 30 operators and firemen within three months and several
further deaths later. One person was killed immediately and a second died in
hospital soon after as a result of injuries received. Another person is
reported to have died at the time from a coronary thrombosis which is when the
blood stops flowing to the heart. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) was originally
diagnosed in 237 people onsite and involved with the cleanup and it was later confirmed
in 134 cases. In which 28 people died as a result of ARS within a few weeks of
the accident. Nineteen more died between 1987 and 2004 but their deaths cannot
necessarily be caused to radiation exposure. Nobody offsite suffered from acute
radiation effects although many of the childhood thyroid cancers diagnosed
since the accident is likely to be due to intake of radioactive iodine fallout. Large areas of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia were contaminated in many
ways.
The
Chernobyl disaster was a unique event and the only accident in the history of
commercial nuclear power where radiation related occurred. However it led to
major changes in safety culture and in industry cooperation between East and
West before the end of the Soviet Union. Former President Gorbachev said that
the Chernobyl accident was a more important factor in the fall of the Soviet
Union than Perestroika his program of liberal reform.
On April 25 a routine shutdown the reactor crew at Chernobyl
4 began preparing for a test to determine how long turbines would spin and
supply power to the main circulating pumps following a loss of main electrical
power supply. This test had been carried out at Chernobyl the previous year. But
the power from the turbine ran down too quick. So new voltage regulator designs
were to be tested.Several
organizations have reported on the impacts of the Chernobyl accident. But all
have had problems assessing the significance of their observations because of
the lack of reliable public health information before 1986 studies in the
Ukraine, Russia and Belarus were based on national registers of over one
million people possibly affected by radiation. By 2000 about 4000 cases of
thyroid cancer had been diagnosed in exposed children. However the increase in
thyroid cancers detected suggests that some of it at least is an artifact of
the screening process. Thyroid cancer is usually not fatal if diagnosed and
treated early. It was a really bad and dangerous disaster.
The world has changed a lot due to
globalization. The biggest factor that has changed globalization is media. The
media has become a big thing in the world. The media has allowed people all
over the world to communicate. In some way it can be dangerous because you do
not know who you are communicating with. The Media can be good and bad. The
media has brought many new improvements to the world. There are many new ways
to advertise, communicate, and transport products due to the media. Cable and
satellite TV, which has been familiar to most Americans, Canadians, and some
Europeans for years. It is now expanding in most other countries of the world.Some channels focus on news,
music, sport, films, children’s shows, and other targeted programming. Again
channels exported from industrialized nations (CNN, BBC, MTV, and so on) are
popular. Several nations like Brazil, Hong Kong, Egypt, Mexico, and Saudi
Arabia are developing their own satellite television channels aimed both at
national audiences and neighbors within the same cultural linguistic marketing.
Media organizations operate in three types
of markets. The first type of marketing is the market for creative content and
or the ability to produce or distribute material which is appealing to audiences,
readers or users for them to exchange money or time for access to such content.Second is the market for
financial resources or the ability to finance their ongoing operations as well
as new investments in Globalization of Media the Key Issues and Dimensions technology,
distribution platforms, or territorial expansion of their operations. Twenty
years ago people talked about Americanization of media in the world. Today
people talk more about globalization. They talk more about it because it is
apparent that although American media plays a prominent role in the global
scene, media industries from a number of other countries are also heavily
across the world.
The world is all about media now. Now a days you see people on their phones everywhere you go. Its crazy before people go to sleep their phone is the last thing they use or see and they wake up to their phone. It
seems that people in Europe and elsewhere tend to look for television
programming, Internet, sites, and music that are culturally proximate. Cultural
proximity is the desire for cultural products as similar as possible to one’s
own language,culture, history, and values.
I have some
information about the federal minimum wage and the different minimum wage rate
for each state in the United States as in the year of 2014. The federal minimum
wage as in now is $7.25 per hour. There are states that have a higher and lower
minimum wage pay. The states that have a higher minimum wage rate then the
federal rate, then the workers get paid a higher rate. If the employee was
subjected to both federal and state minimum wage, then the employer would get
paid the higher minimum wage rate. There are also employees that get paid lower
than the minimum wage. Those employees are to get paid at a sub-minimum wage.
The sub-minimum wage is a legally paid rate according to the Fair Labor Standers
Act. The people that usually get paid at
the sub-minimum rate are student’s learners, full time students working in
retail, agriculture, service, and or higher education. There are also other
employees that full under the sub-minimum wage witch include those who have
mental or physical disability due to their age, injury, and etc.
The reason why minimum wage can be a big problem is if the Government raises the minimum wage then the products would raise in price too. That is why people are arguing and having a problem with minimum wage. It would help if they raised the minimum wage and the prices of products would stay the same price. If the minimum wage was to raise then many then there would be many people losing their jobs. A study from July 2007 to July 2009 showed that the minimum wage increased by 40 percent. In those two years that the Ball State University studied the increase of minimum wage they found that there were 550,000 had fewer part time jobs due to the increase of minimum wage. Study show that for every 10 percent increase to the minimum wage every teenager that works at a small business is estimated to decrease by 4.6 to 9.0 percent. According to the U.S. Census only 16.5 percent of minimum wage that are raising a family on the minimum wage. The remaining 83.5 percent are teenagers living with working with their parents, adults living alone, or dual-earner married couple.
The average annual family income of the people earning the minimum wage in 2009 is over $48,000. For every 10 percent increase in the minimum wage is estimated that every employment may fall as much as 6.6 percent for young black and Hispanic teens ages 16 to 19. This topic relates to the topics in the unit because minimum is a big problem around the United States. The minimum wage is a hazard to the United States because many things can go wrong if the minimum wage goes up or down. It can cause many families to lose their jobs, homes, food on the table, and many more things.Minimum wage is a very good strategy to reduce inequality and balance the economy out. Across t
he United States a higher minimum wage has come to be seen by several because it is a way to reduce poverty and increase with potential affects.
